Strengthening ＂Three Innovations＂ and Focusing on High-quality Development —— Experts and scholars discuss the plan report hotly
This year is the first year of the "14th Five-Year Plan" and the beginning of a new process of building a socialist modern country in an all-round way. It is of great significance to do a good job in this year’s economic work. Entrusted by the State Council, the National Development and Reform Commission submitted the Report on the Implementation of the National Economic and Social Development Plan for 2020 and the Draft National Economic and Social Development Plan for 2021 to the Fourth Session of the 13th National People’s Congress on March 5th (hereinafter referred to as the Plan Report).
"This year’s plan report highlights the policy orientation and annual orientation, emphasizes the general tone of the work of striving for stability, accurately grasps the new development stage, thoroughly implements the new development concept, accelerates the construction of a new development pattern, coordinates development and safety, and fully promotes high-quality development." The relevant person in charge of the National Development and Reform Commission said that the plan report put forward the main expected goals of economic and social development this year and 10 key tasks that need to be focused on, which are closely linked with the objectives of the 14 th Five-Year Plan and reflect the annual characteristics, and help to form good expectations.
Achievements are hard to come by and experience is precious.
"On the whole, in 2020, the economy will achieve positive growth, the expected target of employment price will be achieved well, the balance of payments will remain basically balanced, and indicators in the fields of innovation-driven, resource conservation, environmental protection and people’s livelihood security will continue to improve, and the main objectives and tasks of economic and social development throughout the year will be better completed." For the implementation of the national economic and social development plan in 2020, the plan report evaluates it.
Numbers are the most convincing. In 2020, China will formulate and implement corresponding urgently needed macro policies around cultivating more dynamic market players, and the economic operation will continue to recover steadily, and the main indicators of national economic and social development will be better than expected. Among them, the gross domestic product reached 101.6 trillion yuan, and 11.86 million new jobs were created in cities and towns. At the end of the year, the urban unemployment rate was 5.2%, the consumer price index rose by 2.5%, the international balance of payments was basically balanced, and foreign exchange reserves remained above 3 trillion US dollars.
"Last year, China’s macroeconomic policies achieved remarkable results in terms of emergency support and stabilizing the basic economic situation, which is different from last year’s economic realization in China ‘ V’ Shape inversion, ‘ Six stabilities ’ ‘ Six guarantees ’ The task is basically completed and echoes each other. " Zhang Liqun, a researcher in the Macroeconomic Research Department of the State Council Development Research Center, said that in the face of the rare epidemic impact in history, China’s macroeconomic policies have played an active role in ensuring employment, people’s livelihood and market players, and accumulated valuable experience.
Zhang Liqun believes that in 2020, the fundamental reason why China’s economy can hand over an answer that the people are satisfied with, attracts worldwide attention and can go down in history lies in the solid foundation and abundant development momentum accumulated by China’s long-term economic development, especially after five years of struggle, the objectives and tasks of China’s "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" have been successfully completed, the economic development mode has undergone a major transformation, the economic strength, scientific and technological strength, comprehensive national strength and people’s living standards have leapt to a new level, and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation has taken a new step forward.
"It’s not difficult to know what’s going on. The results are hard to come by and the experience is precious. " At the first "ministerial channel" this year, He Lifeng, director of the National Development and Reform Commission, said that in 2020, China’s total economic output exceeded 101 trillion yuan, great historical achievements were made in building a well-off society in an all-round way, and the fight against poverty was fully won. The 13th Five-Year Plan was successfully concluded, which created better conditions and laid a solid foundation for realizing this year’s goals and tasks and the 14th Five-Year Plan.
Strengthen policy orientation around development goals
This year’s government work report pointed out that in order to achieve important expected goals, it is necessary to maintain the continuity, stability and sustainability of macroeconomic policies and promote economic operation in a reasonable range. The plan report also puts forward that "directional control, camera control and precise control should be strengthened on the basis of interval control".
"Last year’s macro policy was mainly formulated and implemented around the urgent needs of market players. This year’s macro policy mainly points to maintaining continuity, stability and sustainability, continuing and optimizing last year’s policy logic and focus, maintaining necessary support, and not turning sharply. The goal is to continue to bail out market players." Sun Guojun, a member of the leading group of the State Council Research Office, said at the press conference of the State Council Office.
It is reported that this year’s proactive fiscal policy will focus on improving quality, increasing efficiency and making it more sustainable. Compared with last year, deficit ratio has made a downward adjustment, and the total scale of fiscal expenditure will increase. The focus is still on increasing support for market players to ensure employment and people’s livelihood.
"The core of fiscal policy is to improve quality and efficiency, and focus on promoting the sustained economic growth and improving the implementation effect of policies. Maintaining the good momentum of economic development, the sustainability of fiscal policy will be better and better. In the future, fiscal policy should play a greater role in expanding domestic demand and resolving weak growth. " Zhang Liqun said.
This year’s prudent monetary policy emphasizes flexibility, accuracy, rationality and moderation, puts the service of the real economy in a more prominent position, and handles the relationship between economic recovery and risk prevention.
"The reason why monetary policy emphasizes supporting the development of the real economy is because the improvement of the real economy will help improve the efficiency of capital turnover, and the entire debt relationship will be improved, which will effectively reduce risks." Zhang Liqun suggested that a prudent monetary policy and a proactive fiscal policy should form a joint force, especially around expanding domestic demand, to help the economy make steady progress.
Zhang Liqun said that comprehensively resolving the downward pressure on the economy is the key problem to be solved in China’s macro-control in recent years. In this process, we should adjust and improve the means and methods of regulation according to the changes in the situation, organically combine the expansion of domestic demand with the structural reform on the supply side, fundamentally solve the problem of insufficient demand, and form a benign and interactive economic cycle in a high-level dynamic balance between supply and demand through full employment and full utilization of production capacity.
Innovation-driven and deepening reform are coordinated.
This year’s government work report highlights the strategic orientation of innovation and development, and fully embodies the development goal of realizing the long-term and stable improvement of China’s industrial competitiveness through innovation. The plan report also proposes to speed up the self-reliance of science and technology and promote the upgrading of industrial base and the modernization of industrial chain. Strengthen the national strategic scientific and technological strength, continue to strengthen basic research, applied research and the transfer and transformation of scientific and technological achievements, and further enhance the core competitiveness of China’s industry.
At present, one of the core shortcomings of China’s industrial chain supply chain is unsafe and unstable, and the level of modernization is not high enough, that is, the industrial basic ability is weak, and there are many "stuck neck" links controlled by people. In this regard, Xu Zhaoyuan, deputy director of the Industrial Economics Research Department of the State Council Development Research Center, said that the government work report did not put forward specific contents such as further expanding the industrial scale, but emphasized innovation leading, quality improvement and industrial base reconstruction, which reflected the main line of guiding the transformation of economic development mode and promoting high-quality economic development.
"Another notable feature is to pay more attention to tangible policy support." For example, Xu Zhaoyuan said that the government work report put forward specific tasks such as fully refunding the incremental VAT tax allowance on a monthly basis, increasing the proportion of manufacturing loans, expanding investment in manufacturing equipment renewal and technological transformation, especially "increasing the proportion of manufacturing loans" was clearly put forward in the government work report for the first time in recent years, which reflected the determination of the central government to promote the development of the real economy.
In terms of comprehensively deepening reforms, we will continue to deepen reforms in key areas and key links this year, and promote a better combination of effective markets and promising governments. Focus on solving outstanding problems, improve the strategic, forward-looking and targeted reform, and make the reform better meet the needs of development, the expectations of the grassroots and the aspirations of the people.
"The central government’s deployment of comprehensively deepening reforms reflects the transformation of reform promotion methods in recent years, that is, from problem-oriented to goal-oriented and problem-oriented." Chen Limin, director of the Public Policy Research Department of china society of economic reform, said that this year’s reform work should focus on practical problems under the premise of following the overall reform goal, and emphasize the use of reform ideas and methods to promote related work.
Chen Limin said that this year’s reform work should be closely linked with the nine tasks of deepening reform, innovation-driven development and promoting coordinated regional development proposed in the 14 th Five-Year Plan, highlighting the goal orientation of building a high-standard market system in the new development stage, and laying a solid foundation for accelerating the formation of an efficient, standardized and fair competition domestic unified market and a new open economic system at a higher level.
Have confidence and confidence in achieving this year’s goals and tasks.
"The plan report firmly grasps the basic feature that China’s economy has entered a new stage of high-quality development, comprehensively considers the needs and possibilities of economic and social development, and puts forward the main expected goals of economic and social development in 2021." Zhang Liqun said that although there are still many variables affecting economic and social development this year, the conditions and positive factors supporting China’s long-term economic improvement are increasing. Setting the target of economic growth rate above 6% this year shows that China’s confidence and confidence in economic development are further enhanced.
In fact, setting economic growth targets also has its necessary side. The Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee planned the development goals for the next five years and 2035, and put forward the requirement that the per capita GDP should reach the level of moderately developed countries. Yang Weimin, member of the Standing Committee of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and deputy director of the Economic Commission, said that in order to achieve the above goals, China’s economic aggregate or per capita income needs to double in the next 15 years, which means that the average annual GDP growth rate of China needs to reach 4.73%. "This is a goal with quantitative indicators, and to achieve long-term goals, we must start from now, and it is necessary for China’s economic development to maintain a speed with better quality and higher efficiency."
It is also supportive to achieve the expected development goals for the whole year. From the perspective of the primary industry, China’s agricultural infrastructure conditions have been greatly upgraded and improved. If there are no particularly serious natural disasters, it is possible to keep the grain output above 1.3 trillion Jin this year. From the perspective of the secondary industry, after years of supply-side structural reform, emerging industries are in the ascendant, traditional manufacturing industries are accelerating their transformation, and the advantages of complete industrial categories and complete systems in China are increasingly prominent; The tertiary industry is relatively difficult, especially in the areas of accommodation, passenger transport and tourism. However, as production and life return to normal, the development of these industries is expected to achieve recovery growth.
"Some institutions predict that China’s economic growth rate may reach 8% or even higher this year, but considering the fact that the economy is returning to normal operation, setting the target above 6% is not very high, which will leave room for a deeper and higher level of reform and development, and also help to promote high-quality development." Zhang Liqun said.
"China enterprises have a strong ability to adapt to the development and changes of the situation, and China’s economic development has a strong tenacity and stamina. We have confidence, determination, strength and confidence to achieve this year’s goals and tasks." He Lifeng said. (Economic Daily reporter Gu Yang)