Program guide:

　　Hou Yong, a tough guy on the screen, Liu Jin, a special actor, and a first-line movie star played the legendary general. The literary and martial arts dramas were carefully crafted and went behind the scenes, and the epic film "August 1" was completely interpreted. The second episode of Nanchang 1927 is being broadcast in the next issue of Military Documentary.

　　In the summer of 2007, August 1st, an epic film shot by Bayi Film Studio, was being shot nervously.

　　This is a photo taken in 1925. This one in the photo became one of the leaders of Nanchang Uprising two years later. He is He Long. In the movie "August 1st", actor Hou Yong plays the role of the legendary general.

　　[Concurrent] Hou Yong, a famous actor of Bayi Film Studio

　　If I didn’t dare to play Marshal He Long in my early thirties, I would be a few years older now. After reading some materials, I have been an actor for so many years. I think it’s still, an actor may have to give you hard work in all aspects to shape a role and play a character. From screenwriter to director, from art to scene to photography to opponents, this is a comprehensive, all to show every image and character to the audience, so many departments are also helping me, which is still confident.

　　On May 1st, 2007, Hou Yong came to the crew station to try on makeup.

　　Makeup artist

　　You leave a little (hair) now, making him feel like standing up. In fact, this piece should be basically vertical, maybe it’s a little (curled) at the top.

　　[Concurrent] Hou Yong, a famous actor of Bayi Film Studio

　　Just stick it a little greener here, and the rest will be gradual, with a flat head on it and a little longer in front.

　　He Long is one of the most legendary heroes of China Revolution, and his appearance and temperament are well known to the general audience. So how will Hou Yong shape this role?

　　Interview with Hou Yong:

　　凡是知道贺龙一些生平的人都知道贺龙元帅爱抽烟斗。

　　贺龙片中：勤务兵，把我烟斗给我拿来

　　侯勇采访：比较巧合几年前我也抽过烟斗，反正烟斗搁在手里不会像一个累赘。

　　贺龙片中：看来他们真的把我贺龙当盘菜了啊，谁都想上来夹两口。

　　侯勇采访：他是两把菜刀闹革命嘛，有人说他像土匪

　　贺龙片中：在他们眼里我就是个土匪，你们是共匪

　　侯勇采访：而且我看他的人物自传他老容易骂人

　　贺龙片中：你蛊惑军心，老子我毙了你

　　侯勇采访：但这个人内心是一个非常火热的人，非常的向往光明。因为他也是苦出身嘛，想为他身边的一些老百姓们，父老乡亲，想让他们过上好日子。

　　贺龙片中：我贺龙自两把菜刀砍盐局以来，没抗房子没带地，两个肩膀扛了一个脑袋，为了什么？就是为了能让穷苦的老百姓能过上好日子。

　　侯勇采访：我觉得你只要抓住人物的一个点或者两个点，去走进这个人物，而且1927年这个年代对贺龙元帅，对当年的他来讲可能是一个历史性的转折点。

　　2007年5月12日，在上海车墩影视基地搭建的贺龙公寓里，剧组工作人员均已到位，一场贺龙与周恩来见面的重头戏即将开始，而此时，侯勇却还在一千公里外的北京。

　　[In the same period] Zhang Shuangbo’s crew coordinated

　　Hou Yong, have you boarded the plane? Oh, there’s a traffic jam, right? Then do you want to change your ticket? Change it to six o’clock, right I guess it must be six o’clock, right? Ok, just tell me the flight number before you board the plane.

　　He is from the scenic spot, from the Chibi Group to Beijing, Zhuozhou, to Beijing, and then from Beijing to the airport. At six o’clock, there is a traffic jam. He can’t walk. There is a traffic jam.

　　[Screen] Historical Data of Zhou Enlai

　　Actor Liu Jin played Zhou Enlai. On August 1st, 1927, Zhou Enlai, vice chairman of the the Communist Party of China (CPC) Military Commission, and the Nanchang Uprising soldiers all experienced the day that was later regarded as the starting point of the People’s Army.

　　[Concurrent] Liu Jin, an actor of the People’s Liberation Army General Political Drama Troupe

　　This play puts a lot of pressure on me because of such a big event and such a heavy character.

　　The time is so short and the task is so heavy, so I feel as if I am playing Zhou Enlai for the first time from scratch. The old Zhou Enlai model may not be visible, so something unexpected will happen. I hope the audience will like it and see a new image of Zhou Enlai.

　　At two o’clock in the afternoon, the makeup artist made the final makeup for Liu Jin before shooting. Although this is the twentieth time that Liu Jin has played Zhou Enlai, every time he puts on makeup, he is serious to an almost harsh degree. In his view, there is no room for regret in his role as Zhou Enlai.

　　[In the same period] Liu Jin, a famous actor of the People’s Liberation Army General Political Drama Troupe

　　In the back. Give me a drag in the back. Pull both hands together, okay, like this, okay, look, what do you think?

　　I think it’s ok. I can’t go any further.

　　Right, you can’t go any further, and it will be uncomfortable to go any further.

　　What about these two sides?

　　Both sides are fine.

　　Anyway, the head shape must be at least like this. It’s comfortable for you to look at it from the side. It’s up here, down here, up here and crooked here. It’s put in order. On the basis of putting it in order, it’s messy and natural. Now this feeling is more natural.

　　[Screen] Actor Liu Jin and Deng Yingchao take a group photo.

　　Standing next to Liu Jin is the actor Zhang Qing who plays Deng Yingchao.

　　[contemporaneous] Then, we can have an exchange. You make this look real. Take something from here to here. Hey, let’s see if there is any movement.

　　(dark)

　　It’s getting dark, and the shooting hasn’t been done yet. Tonight’s filming is opposite Zhou Enlai and He Long. If Hou Yong can’t arrive in time, Liu Jin, who plays Zhou Enlai, will go to another crew tomorrow night. That’s true, the already tight shooting cycle of the "August 1" film crew is even worse.

　　While waiting for Hou Yong, a parting scene between Zhou Enlai and his wife Deng Yingchao has already started. The delicate emotional handling makes the director Yeming Song very devoted.

　　[Screen] The director of the film segment "August 1st" tells a play.

　　[At the same time] You can close your eyes and feel asleep, just like this, pushing it up, such a feeling, if you finish your hand, you will sit, sit next to her ass, holding your hand like this and show it. You wanted to take this at first, okay? That’s what it means. If you carry this, you’ll catch him with a bang. If you don’t sleep, you’ll catch you with a bang. If you want to catch it, your eyes will definitely open at once.

　　[At the same time] I’ll give you a hot meal. After that, he will stop you and pack my luggage. As soon as you heard about packing, you guessed it.

　　In order to get Liu Jin into the best shooting state, the director and he avoided the noisy shooting scene together. After a short adjustment, the play began again.

　　[Screen] The movie clip of August 1st.

　　Haven’t you eaten yet? I’ll heat it for you. Hey, Yingchao, help me pack my luggage.

　　[Picture] The director tells a play.

　　Okay, this feeling, this hand comes up again. Hey, you can’t close your hand.

　　Then you go. It’s not me. I’ll let him go. At this time, you feel like a wife, and you understand him very well. He must leave.

　　[Screen] The movie clip of August 1st.

　　I have packed my luggage. I always come and go in such a hurry, and I still make you scared. You are still in the second month.

　　Get used to it. Being your wife can only be like this in your life.

　　[Picture] The director tells a play.

　　He stopped at the door. May open the door with a box in one hand, in turn, Deng Yingchao lunges and hugs his waist.

　　[Screen] The movie clip of August 1st.

　　[Picture] The director tells a play.

　　After that, he put down the box again. In fact, he was crying at this moment, and he turned around and held her in his arms.

　　[Screen] The movie clip of August 1st.

　　[Picture] The director tells a play.

　　At this time, you should hold him in your arms like your man’s mission to protect you. Just let her cry. That’s what I want.

　　[Screen] The movie clip of August 1st.

　　Xiaowei, he’s gone. We’re still young, and there’s still plenty of time.

　　However, the doctor said that I would never have fertility again.

　　As long as there is a revolution, what’s wrong with you and me?

　　[Picture] Hou Yong rushed to the scene.

　　At 9 o’clock in the evening, Hou Yong, the actor of He Long, rushed to the shooting scene from Beijing to take part in the shooting of the crew of August 1, and a stone hanging in everyone’s heart finally fell to the ground.

　　[contemporaneous] Hou Yong

　　I’m in a hurry, sister. I said it had stopped here, and I was in a hurry. I’m telling you, I got up at five o’clock this morning, put on makeup and dawdled at the scene, and started shooting at eight thirty and nine o’clock. What are we shooting? Shooting a scene on the water, borrowing an arrow from a straw boat, a heavy scene, and then, after filming at 1: 10 noon, I took a bite of rice and the driver took me to the station.

　　Make-up: You said you were in a hurry.

　　Hou Yong: But when I’m sitting alone on the plane, I feel at ease. I know I’ll definitely arrive at seven or eight o’clock, and I’m sure I can shoot the night show tonight.

　　The scene of Zhou Enlai and He Long meeting finally started shooting. The background of this play is that after the cooperation between Kuomintang and Communist Party broke down, Zhou Enlai ventured to meet He Long and tried to persuade He Long to cooperate with communist party.

　　[Screen] Zhou Enlai meets He Long at the shooting scene.

　　Director: At first glance, it must be the word "dragon".

　　Liu Jin: Right now, look at this first.

　　Director Song: It must be such a feeling.

　　[Screen] The movie clip of August 1st.

　　Zhou Enlai: The Cape of Long Qian may be shocking, so I’ll take a break and jump in the deep for the time being.

　　He Long: Waiting for the gathering.

　　Zhou Enlai: Feiteng Liuhe Dingkungan

　　[Screen] The shooting scene is interspersed with movie clips

　　He Long: I’ve heard a lot about you, Mr. Zhou. It’s been a long time since we met.

　　Zhou Enlai: Same to you.

　　He Long: Come on, have a seat.

　　Zhou Enlai: He Junchang is very elegant.

　　He Long: No, no, I was taught by Yiqun.

　　Zhou Yiqun: Then, commander, talk about it.

　　(On the commentary, press the film dialogue)

　　At this moment, He Long was at the crossroads where to go in the future. The arrival of Zhou Enlai opened a window for He Long, who yearned for the bright future. They felt at home and talked and laughed.

　　The filming went smoothly, but there was a discussion about where He Long and Zhou Enlai were sitting when they were talking.

　　Director Song: This chair is uncomfortable to sit here.

　　Hou Yong: It’s unforgettable to me so far. I’d better sit here.

　　Liu Jin: Yes, right? Why don’t we sit closer?

　　Director Song: No need.

　　Hou Yong: Sit closer. People are at a dangerous distance.

　　Liu Jin: It’s a bit awkward to sit there.

　　[Screen] Hou Yong Performance Site

　　It’s already 2: 00 in the morning, and the filming is still going on. From Beijing to Shanghai, traveling 1000 kilometers; It has been more than 2,000 years from the story of Red Cliff to August 1st. For Hou Yong, this day’s drama is not easy to shoot.

　　[subtitle ]XX shooting base

　　[Picture] Jiujiang Railway Station

　　Beijing Erqi Vehicle Factory has been transformed into a station during the Republic of China. The old steam locomotives were temporarily arranged on the tracks, and the soldiers of the Northern Expedition, played by extras, quickly assembled. A scene in which He Long led troops to Jiujiang, Jiangxi, is about to start shooting.

　　[Picture] The scene of Hou Yong riding a horse.

　　At first, the shooting of this group of shots went very smoothly, but it never occurred to everyone that Hou Yong accidentally fell off his horse during the shooting of this big scene.

　　Executive Director: Director, director, Hou Yong fell. Come in, come in, come in and sit …

　　Call the doctor, call the doctor …

　　Hou Yong: I was walking. When I braked, I adjusted my ass, and I fell down. My crotch was fine, just my waist was shouldered …

　　Hou Yong: Where are the horses? I’ll take a walk again

　　Fortunately, there was a near miss, and Hou Yong’s injury was not serious. After simple treatment, the play continued. On horseback, Hou Yong’s movements are still very natural and unrestrained.

　　[Picture] Filming scene

　　The next scene is about the dispute between He Long and his men. At this time, Hou Yong put forward his own views on the shooting of this scene.

　　[Screen] Hou Yong discusses problems with the crew.

　　Hou Yong: I just said earlier, but he complained that the 3rd Battalion hasn’t arrived yet. He said that you have changed, paid the salary to Director Zhou, and bought a house in Shanghai. I said nonsense, and I will shoot him directly in the next scene. Isn’t this order a bit radical?

　　Zhang Zhihong, played by Zhao Fusheng: What if I stimulate you? For example, that’s the word, brothers …

　　Hou Yong: I’ll fucking shoot you … You have to stimulate me, and then I’ll pull out my gun and hit him.

　　[Screen] Filming scene (followed by movie clips related to the discussion)

　　[Synchronization ]46 games, 1 mirror and 1 start.

　　He Long: Tell me what you said last night.

　　Zhao Fusheng: The commanders and brothers are really looking forward to your promotion and wealth, and we also have a chance to get promoted. But you just listen to the commanders of communist party if you don’t leave the avenue. You have to listen to communist party, and there is only a dead end. Brothers, we can’t go with communist party. Do you hear that going with communist party is only a dead end?

　　He Long: Zhao Fusheng, I’ll shoot you if you confuse the army.

　　Among the mountains in Hengdian, Sanzhe River, this huge site has been exposed to the scorching sun, and the temperature has reached 39 degrees. In this scene, Hou Yong runs in the hot sun with nine guns on his back. According to the plot, He Long used this almost masochistic way to influence his subordinates. In unusually hot weather, people are suffering from heatstroke, but the preparations for filming by the crew are still going on.

　　Hou Yong: According to He Long’s personality, how can we punish the third child? Do you really whip him, or what? I don’t think it’s enough to show the connotation of this play, including He Long’s character. Therefore, this play punished myself, and my subordinates made mistakes and punished me, which caused a sense of inner shame to their subordinates.

　　Subtitle Zhejiang Hengdian Shooting Base

　　[contemporaneous]

　　Executive Director: Go.

　　He Long: Put the gun on.

　　He Long: Put the gun on.

　　He Long: Gun, gun.

　　Song Yu: Commander, I …

　　He Long: Come on …

　　In this scene, Hou Yong’s physical exertion is the biggest among hundreds of people present, and everyone is worried about whether he can persist.

　　Interview with Hou Yong (about 21 minutes and 30 seconds):

　　Half of it is the effect, water, and half of it is your own sweat. It’s sunny today, it’s too hot. Sweat alkali, look, sweat alkali.

　　According to the plot, Hou Yong will run nine times around this nearly 50-square-meter platform, and a gun will be added for one more time.

　　Interview with Hou Yong:

　　Reporter: How many guns did you carry at most?

　　Hou Yong: 9.

　　Reporter: How do you feel?

　　Hou Yong: I can’t move my back, and it’s not easy to run. The length of the gun belt is different from that of the gun. At the back, there are nine guns. It’s easy to shake when running, and it’s hard to run and it’s hard to carry.

　　[Screen] Shooting scene

　　Daxiang (about 24 minutes and 20 seconds): Brother Lao.

　　Wei Laosan: Congratulations on Beard, we were wrong. Congratulations on Beard, we are not bandits, not bandits.

　　We are revolutionary army, beard. I have a wrong beard. We are not bandits, not bandits.

　　We are the revolutionary army. Congratulations, Beard. I was wrong …

　　He Long: Orderly, grab the pipe and bring it to me.

　　A scene that made Hou Yong feel the most difficult was finally finished, but the work of the "August 1st" film crew was far from over. What vitality did the arrival of two Hong Kong movie stars give to the film crew? Stay tuned for the second episode of Dream Back to 1927 at the same time tomorrow.

Editor: Cao Jin

　　[Sun Wei, a special correspondent of Global Times in the UK] I once thought that the British way of doing things was correct. Later, in a completely different civilized society, all my beliefs were challenged;

　　When a civilization begins, you will find that it is like a seed, which gradually grows into a big tree. If you want to know about the current China tree or the current English tree, you should trace back to the seeds of this civilization.

　　Huntington’s book is the Bible to some American officials … … He said at the end of the book that China should be stopped from catching up with us. But even then, he said it was too late.

　　Civilization, this is a word and topic that has attracted much attention recently. Not long ago, Skinner, director of the State Council policy planning in the United States, regarded US-China relations as a "contest of civilizations", which was criticized by all circles as soon as it came out. In sharp contrast, in the middle and late May, the Conference on Dialogue among Asian Civilizations was held in Beijing, highlighting China’s emphasis on promoting exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations. How should we treat the different civilizations that exist in the world today? Global Times reporter recently interviewed British scholar allen mcfarlane. MacFarlane is a famous anthropologist, historian, member of the British National Academy and lifelong member of King’s College, Cambridge University. He focuses on the comparative study of the origins and characteristics of the modern world. His latest work focuses on this field: China, Japan, Europe and the Anglo-World: A Comparative Analysis.

　　Contrary to Huntington, I wrote "the harmony of civilization"

　　Global Times: Can you briefly introduce your original intention and content of writing this book?

　　McfarlaneMany works in academic circles are actually about the author’s experiences in life. I was born in India and returned to England as a young boy. Through the education of my school and family, I learned how to become an Englishman. I used to think that the British way of doing things was the right one. During my university and doctoral research, I studied history, trained as a historian, and later became an anthropologist. While doing research in Nepal, I discovered a completely different civilized society, which challenged all my beliefs. About 15 years later, I was invited to give lectures in Japan and experienced another cultural shock. Fifteen years later, I began to visit China every year, and of course I experienced a cultural shock. So, I have personally experienced three or four different civilizations.

　　Living in Britain, I have always known that British and European civilizations are different. Britain and the United States are a kind of civilization, which we call the Anglo-cultural circle. We are very different from European countries in religion, culture, family and education system, which is the deep-seated reason why many British people want to leave the European Union.

　　After these experiences, I wonder if we should write a book to compare them, and it should be concise enough for ordinary people in different civilizations to understand, so as to help everyone understand each other better. I wrote this book as a conscious attempt. Contrary to Huntington’s Clash of Civilizations, my book is about the harmony of civilizations.

　　Global Times: You introduced China to western readers in your book. Why do you think you should introduce China?

　　Mcfarlane: Because China is too important. China is on the road to becoming the most powerful country in the world, and it has been the most powerful country for most of its history. It is very important for westerners to understand this great civilization. Westerners should understand China from the perspectives of history, culture, business and education.

　　To understand a civilization, it often takes four or five keys to decrypt it. In On Democracy in America, the French comparative sociologist Tocqueville compared the United States with Britain, and at the same time compared it with France in his mind, and discussed it from the perspective of civilization. When a civilization begins, you will find that it is like a seed, which gradually grows into a big tree. If you want to know about the present China tree or the present English tree, you should trace back to the seeds of this civilization.

　　To some extent, China’s seeds were sown during the reign of Qin Shihuang in 221 BC. Qin Shihuang not only unified China militarily and politically, but also established a new form of rule that never existed in any civilization, which is what we call centralized bureaucracy. The ruling class is not only soldiers or feudal lords, but also mostly educated civil servants. This form of government has undergone various invasions and changes, but it has not fundamentally changed. Therefore, China is the only civilization ruled by intellectual elite groups on earth.

　　Historically, the British system was largely inherited by the upper class and managed by the middle class, while France was managed by the army and the church, while India was a caste system. China has a completely different political structure, which affects all aspects of its social life, including the education system. The education system is the foundation of China’s social progress, which has historically influenced China’s economic system. "Everything is inferior, only reading is high", and the groups in Chinese can even be divided according to scholars and non-scholars. Since then, the development track of China has been very different from other world civilizations. The imperial system was delegated from the top down, and it still affects China in many ways.

　　Another key to understanding China is that China has a completely different religious system. Western society is based on Christianity, Islam and Judaism. These are monotheistic religions, and one god controls everything. There are many religions in China, but there are none. China has Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism and ancestor worship. All rituals and beliefs are mixed and tolerant. The first time I saw and understood this mixed and tolerant belief model was in a remote Himalayan village, where I was surprised as a person from a traditional Christian country. I saw them worship their ancestors at home first, then go out to do Hindu ceremonies, and then worship Buddha. There is no problem for them.

　　China is very tolerant in religion, so he has never preached like the West. Although there are Confucius Institutes now, the China government does not want the world to be a world of Confucianism or Buddhism, and China is not interested in it. We live in a monotheistic world, while Chinese lives in a mixture of beliefs. These are the two keys to explain.

　　"I want to record the biggest change in the world today."

　　Global Times: Speaking of civilization, an official in the State Council recently caused great controversy about the "clash of civilizations" between China and the United States. What do you think?

　　McfarlaneI think this is absolutely stupid and very dangerous. Huntington’s book is the Bible for some American officials, and even many policies of US President Trump, such as building walls and increasing tariffs, are indirectly derived from it. Huntington said at the end of the book in 1997 that China is a great threat and should be stopped from catching up with us. But even then, he said there was no hope, it was too late. So he suggested finding people who want to destroy China, dissident groups around the world, or people who want to overthrow the government in China, and giving them assistance and money.

　　The United States must accept the fact that it will not be the most powerful economy in 10 or 20 years. It doesn’t matter, because the world today is not divided into nation-states in the old way, but a globalized world. The basic principle of Adam Smith’s economics is that trade and cooperation are win-win. Trump started out in real estate, and he doesn’t know anything about economics. He thinks this is a confrontational battle. In fact, Adam Smith said that you should deal with people, because they are good for you, so you work together. This is the foundation of his philosophy — — Collaboration and cooperation. This is the road to glory.

　　Global Times: You first went to China in 1996, and have been there every year since 2002. What do you think of the changes in China? You have written The Birth of the Modern World. Will you write a book about China’s modernization?

　　McfarlaneI am writing a book about China. In the past 20 years, I had the honor to go to China with my doctoral students and friends and experienced this extraordinary reform. I have been to villages, towns and friends’ homes in China. I give lectures in many universities and ask any questions I like, so I can go deep into China society.

　　Of course, every year when we go to China, we feel a different China. A friend said that if you leave Beijing for a few months, you will come back to a different Beijing. The speed of this change is amazing. From 1996 to 2002, great changes have taken place in China, and then its development speed and changes are getting faster and faster, even exponential.

　　I have recorded the changes in China by means of videos, photos, diaries, dialogues, etc. In the future, I want to write a multimedia book, which contains both words and videos. I want to record the biggest changes in the world today. I am a historian and have studied the history of world development such as the industrial revolution in Britain. I don’t think anything that happened on earth in recent years is as big as what happened in China in the past 20 years in terms of its physical effect and other influences, which will change the whole future.

　　Global Times: It is popular among some Americans that the United States has given China modernization. Last year, an American leader publicly said that "we rebuilt China in the past 25 years". How much role does the United States play in China’s development achievements?

　　McfarlaneWhen we went to Beijing in 1996, there was no American imprint. The car was German Volkswagen and many imported products came from other countries. The British cooperated with China long before the establishment of diplomatic relations between the United States and China. People still remember the Marshall Plan of the United States to rebuild Europe, so many people may think that the United States has helped China rebuild, but in fact it may only be 10% or 20% (thanks to it). The logic of America is that since they rebuilt it, they have the right to destroy it.

　　Britain and China can create a "cultural rainbow" between the East and the West.

　　Global Times: What do you think of the U.S. crackdown on Huawei, a China enterprise?

　　McfarlaneI have friends who work for Huawei. They say that Huawei does have some shortcomings, but it is not more than any other technology company. Many American software companies have the same problems. Trump said that Huawei poses a security threat, but he has never produced conclusive evidence. His later remarks also said that the Huawei issue can be part of a trade agreement. Obviously, this is entirely for political purposes.

　　What I want to emphasize is that the China government must be very cautious in taking a stand, because whatever you do or say will be misinterpreted in the worst way. This means that when you make practical policies, you must keep a low profile. This is what Deng Xiaoping is very good at. He didn’t say that we want to be the number one economic power. He said that we just want people in this place to be happier and richer.

　　Global Times: Will the Huawei incident and the trade war between China and the United States have an impact on Sino-British relations?

　　McfarlaneDue to Brexit, Britain is now in a very weak position on many issues. At the same time, President Trump is changing his mind every day. If the British government is wise, it will find a way to satisfy both China and the United States. Huawei has some great technologies that we need, but we need to ensure that it does not enter sensitive areas. We need to control these parts. Of course, this is very difficult. If you can convince people to build a firewall in the middle, and ensure that we can cooperate well with China on the one hand, without involving the core security issues, then this will be a solution.

　　Global Times: What role does Britain play in the Belt and Road Initiative? Italy has announced its accession. Will Britain be the next G7 country to join?

　　Mcfarlane: I hope Britain can join. Everyone knows that we are the first (western) country to join the AIIB. But I suspect that for some political reasons, it may be difficult for us to formally announce our participation in the "Belt and Road Initiative". In other words, I guess Britain will agree to some cooperation, but it will not say that we are members of the "Belt and Road Initiative". As a matter of fact, the train that started in China has already traveled from countries along the Belt and Road to Britain.

　　When my friend from China asks this question, I always suggest that Britain and China should pay more attention to cultural exchanges and create a cultural rainbow between China and the West. Different colors represent different aspects, such as music, art, literature, philosophy and education. China has an ancient culture and civilization, and attaches as much importance to gardens, poetry and literature as Britain. There are many things we can exchange and share.

　　The leaders of China and Britain signed an agreement on cultural exchanges between the two countries. China can expand it to all other cultural bodies, including Europe and Africa, and bring back valuable things from Africa and Europe. In such a cultural "Belt and Road" or cultural rainbow, there is much to be done. Therefore, the friendship and cultural exchanges between Britain and China have a bright future, and economic and technological exchanges will naturally follow.　　　　　　　　　　

[Editor’s note]

　　　　　　　　Since October 2014, Dresden, Germany and other places have set off the upsurge of "PEGIDA" parade. On January 12, 2015, five days after the attack on Charlie Hebdo in France, more than 25,000 people in Dresden held demonstrations again. In just a few months, the "PEGIDA" parade has caused quite a shock in German political circles. So, what is this "PEGIDA" parade? Who organized it first? Why do some Germans support and participate in such a parade? How did the "PEGIDA" March affect German politics? Scholar Jun will answer you one by one.

More than 25,000 people in Dresden participated in the "PEGIDA" demonstration. Oriental IC diagram

What is the "PEGIDA" parade?

　 　 　 　 The full name of "PEGIDA" in German is: Patriotische Europe Gegen Die Islamisierung des Abend Landes. Translated into Chinese, "patriotic Europeans oppose Islamization in the West".

　　　　　　　　In recent years, the number of immigrants (especially Muslim immigrants) in Germany has been increasing, which is a very important background for the "PEGIDA" parade. In 2014 alone, at least 200,000 foreigners poured into Germany. Most of these outsiders come from the turbulent Middle East and take Islam as their religious belief, which is very different from the German people who are born and raised in Christianity.　 　 　 　　

　　　　　　　　Therefore, there are two main political demands of the demonstrators: one is to defend the values shared by Judaism and Christianity; The second is to take more stringent measures to limit the increasing number of immigrants (especially Muslim immigrants) in Europe.　 　 　 　

　Who organized the "PEGIDA" parade first?

　　　　　　　　Only three months ago, Lutz Bachmann was only a chef. Like many people, he will post some photos of himself on Facebook to share his life with his friends. If it weren’t for a parade called "PEGIDA", Bachemani would live a quiet and stable life like most Germans. But now, his life has completely changed. He is still a chef, but he also has another identity: the initiator of the "PEGIDA" parade.　 　 　 　

　　　　　　　　Bachemani, 41, was born in the eastern German city of Dresden. In 1998, he was sentenced to three and a half years’ imprisonment by the local court for theft. Fearing imprisonment, Bachemani fled to South Africa, but was sent back to Germany soon, and his crime was also added, that is, drug trafficking.　 　 　 　　

　　　　　　　　Last October, a serious conflict broke out between the Kurdish and Muslim ethnic groups in Hamburg and Celle, Germany. Bachemani then launched a March against immigrants on Facebook. Unexpectedly, his call was echoed by many local people, and Dresden gradually became the base camp of the "PEGIDA" parade.　 　 　 　

Why do some Germans support and participate in such a parade?

　 　 　 　 As mentioned earlier, the demonstrators hope to take more severe measures to limit the increasing number of immigrants (especially Muslim immigrants) in Europe. A realistic and direct reason is that these people believe that the increase of immigrants has reduced their employment opportunities and social welfare.

　 　 　 　 In recent years, European countries have been mired in the sovereign debt crisis and their economic recovery has been weak. Although the German economy has always maintained a good development in the European continent, the German government has to cut social public welfare expenditure due to the economic situation in Europe as a whole. Even with the reduction of public welfare expenditure, the German government did not limit the number of immigrants, which also caused a considerable number of Germans’ dissatisfaction, and this part of the German people transferred this dissatisfaction to immigrants.　 　 　 　　

　　　　　　　　Some Germans said that they felt that they had been "ignored" by this country, while immigrants received great attention. As 61-year-old Eugen Peuke said in the demonstration on January 12th, "Immigrants are a big problem for us. They are stealing our jobs and benefits. I don’t want them to stay in Germany, but the government has ignored our voices."　 　 　 　　

　　　　　　　　Bachemani, the initiator of the "PEGIDA" March, has also said on some occasions before that foreign immigrants are eroding the social welfare that the German people should enjoy. "Now many old people can’t even afford Christmas cake." He said this at a rally.　 　 　 　　

　　　　　　　　Other people support and participate in such demonstrations because they are worried about terrorist attacks. In the eyes of these people, the "asylum" request made by some Middle Eastern refugees is actually a cover, and their real purpose is to create terrorist attacks in Germany. Therefore, in the "PEGIDA" demonstrations, slogans such as "Stop the deception of asylum, please go back" can often be seen.　 　 　 　　　 　 　 　　

How did the "PEGIDA" March affect German politics?　 　 　 　　

　　　　　　　　According to Bachemani, he doesn’t want PEGIDA to develop into a political party. However, in the current "PEGIDA" demonstration, there are many members of the far-right party "National Democratic Party of Germany", who try to gain the political support of ultra-conservatives and neo-Nazis by excluding Muslims, so as to accumulate more political energy and chips for them in the future German parliamentary elections.　 　 　 　

　　　　　　　　In this regard, many German politicians, including German Chancellor Angela Merkel, have a clear understanding. In a New Year speech, Merkel called on the German people not to participate in the "PEGIDA" parade. "Don’t follow those biased, cold and hateful calls." She said in her speech.　 　 　 　　

　　　　　　　　Last Tuesday, many heavyweight politicians, including former German Chancellor Schroeder, Schmidt and current Foreign Minister Steinmeier, published their photos in the German Bild, calling on people to say "no" to the "PEGIDA" parade.　 　 　 　　

　　　　　　　　Some analysts believe that the rise of the "PEGIDA" parade will further highlight ethnic conflicts in Germany in the future, and the far-right party "German National Democratic Party" is likely to gain the support of more and more people like the French "National Front", which will also bring more challenges to the current ruling party.

　　　　　　　　

　　　　　　　　

　　　　　　　　

　　　　　　　　

　　　　　　　　

　　　　　　　　

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